The 1% rule is a general guideline that works well for newer homes (0-10 years old). Older homes typically need 2-4% due to more frequent repairs and system replacements. Your actual costs will vary based on climate, home quality, and how well you maintain the property.

Use the "50% Rule": if the repair cost is more than 50% of the replacement cost, replace it instead. Also consider the appliance's age - if it's near the end of its expected lifespan and needs an expensive repair, replacement is usually the better investment.

States like California, Texas, and Florida cap how much your property tax assessment can increase annually (typically 2-3%). This protects homeowners from rapid tax increases as home values rise. However, when you buy a home or make major improvements, the property is usually reassessed at current market value.

Routine maintenance includes: HVAC servicing (2x/year), gutter cleaning, lawn care, pest control, chimney inspection, water heater flushing, HVAC filter changes, and general inspections. Budget about 40% of your total maintenance budget for these recurring costs.

Preventive maintenance is key: change HVAC filters monthly, clean gutters regularly, fix small issues before they become big ones. DIY when safe and appropriate. Shop around for property tax appeals if your home is over-assessed. Consider energy efficiency upgrades to reduce utility costs. Buy quality appliances that last longer.