Financial Toolset

Roth Conversion Calculator - Optimize Your IRA Conversion Strategy

Calculate the optimal amount to convert from Traditional IRA to Roth IRA.

See immediate tax costs, long-term benefits, and break-even analysis.

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Your age today

When you plan to retire

$

Total balance before conversion

$

How much to convert to Roth

$

Your total income this year

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Your marginal federal tax rate today

%

Expected marginal rate in retirement

%

Your state income tax rate

%

Expected portfolio growth rate

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Sources & References

S&P 500 Historical Returns

• Average annual return (1926-2024): ~10% nominal, ~7% inflation-adjusted
• Standard deviation: ~20% (indicating significant year-to-year volatility)
→Source: NYU Stern - Historical Returns on Stocks, Bonds and Bills(2024)

Dividend Yields

• S&P 500 average dividend yield: 1.5-2.0% (as of 2024-2025)
• Historical dividend growth rate: ~5.9% annually (1960-2024)
→Source: S&P Dow Jones Indices(2024-2025)

Bond Returns

• 10-Year Treasury bonds: ~5% average annual return (1926-2024)
• Corporate bonds (investment grade): ~6% average annual return
→Source: NYU Stern - Corporate Finance Data(2024)

Inflation Rate

• Long-term average: ~3% annually (1926-2024)
• Recent (2020-2024): 2-8% range with 2022 peak at 8%
→Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics - Consumer Price Index(2024)

Important

Past performance does not guarantee future results. Market returns vary significantly year-to-year. These are long-term historical averages.

⚠️ Important