Policy & Economics

Carbon Footprint

The total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual, organization, or product, measured in CO2 equivalents.

Also known as: carbon emissions, co2 footprint, environmental impact

What You Need to Know

Your carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases you're responsible for, measured in tons of CO2 equivalent per year.

Average Carbon Footprints (tons CO2/year):

  • U.S. resident: 16 tons
  • European resident: 7 tons
  • Global average: 4 tons
  • Target to prevent climate catastrophe: 2 tons by 2050

Where It Comes From:

  • Transportation: 29% (cars, planes, shipping)
  • Electricity: 25% (coal, natural gas power plants)
  • Industry: 23% (manufacturing, construction)
  • Buildings: 13% (heating, cooling, cooking)
  • Agriculture: 10% (livestock, fertilizer)

Personal Breakdown (average American):

  • Driving 12,000 miles/year: 4.6 tons
  • Single round-trip flight NYC to London: 1.6 tons
  • Eating meat-heavy diet: 2.5 tons
  • Home energy use: 8 tons

How to Reduce It:

  • Drive electric or use public transit: Save 2-4 tons/year
  • Eat less meat: Save 0.5-1.5 tons/year
  • Use renewable energy: Save 4-6 tons/year
  • Fly less: Each avoided long flight saves 1-2 tons

Carbon Offsets: Pay to neutralize emissions through tree planting, renewable energy, etc.

  • Cost: $10-30 per ton of CO2
  • Average person: $160-480/year to offset fully

The Bottom Line: Most people drastically underestimate their carbon footprint. Transportation and energy use are the biggest levers—small changes have huge impact.

Sources & References

This information is sourced from authoritative government and academic institutions:

  • epa.gov

    https://www.epa.gov/carbon-footprint-calculator